Progression From Bigotry to Equality - 1070 Words

Over the span of many centuries, women have been undermined and ridiculed by the reality of a bitter society. A female’s sex generally predetermined the uneventful course she would be expected to take throughout her life. Promising opportunities were rare and for ages, ladies were confined to the home with little more than a puppet role to play. Common household chores were a part of the daily agenda, and unfailing devotion to a husband was anticipated (Cruea). The initiative push by The National Woman Suffrage Association provided a source of encouragement for women searching for impartial justice in basic aspects of everyday life. The women’s rights movement-though a long, rocky road-essentially led from bigotry to equality. The†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Women’s work†, such as sewing was reserved for females in particular because of experience. Satisfactory jobs were practically unattainable. Women were limited to a variety of menial services b ecause of their poor education, and worked long, unfair hours on low pay. They labored in textile mills, clothing mills, and domestic services of all kinds, toiled as midwives, barbers, and teachers, and learned petty trades like that of pottery (Novkov). The health conditions in the majority of factories were awful. Cotton thread was spun in warm, damp environments, and workers leaving into the cold air led to pneumonia. Dusty atmospheres caused chest and lung diseases among female employees, and loud machine noises more often than not damaged their hearing. There were advocates for improving the work field for women. The National Woman Suffrage Association pressed for safer work environments and desired better work hours. The working women themselves requested an increase in their earnings. They paraded, protested, went on strike, formed unions to negotiate with their bosses, and walked off the job when necessary. In 1963, the United States passed the Equal Pay Act as a federal la w, aiming to abolish wage discrepancy based on gender (Shah). To fight anti-feminists for a united cause, the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) and the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA) merged to form the NationalShow MoreRelatedEverything That Rises Must Converge1345 Words   |  6 PagesRising from Racism to Converge in Equality Generations of people always grow up learning different beliefs from their parents, who usually still hold on to old fashioned beliefs and ideas. â€Å"Everything That Rises Must Converge†, by Flannery O’ Connor, is considered a humorous but enthralling tale of a college graduate named Julian who lives with his prejudiced mother. The story takes place a couple years after segregation ended in the South, and African Americans and Caucasians can share publicRead MoreThe Diversity Of The African American Community914 Words   |  4 PagesBy examining the evolution of community buildings in relation to the progression of the African American community in the United States of America, it is evident that the psychological human needs have influenced the progression of the buildings. Every community evolves from people alike, whether this is by race, religious beliefs or interests. The African-American community was an outcome of racial discrimination and bigotry in America. The enslavement of Africans in America began in 1619 andRead MoreContribution And Influence Of Voltaire760 Words   |  4 Pages The age of enlightenment and the influence it has played in the development of society is one of many layers. There have been many influential people who have directly contributed to the progression of our literatures and societal norms. One of the more outspoken and notable philosophers was French born Francois-Marie Arouet also known by his pen name of Voltaire. He was born in Paris in 1694 into to wealth. His father was a well-known lawyer and dignitary who had great notoriety and influenceRead MoreThe Port Huron Statement By Tom Hayden928 Words   |  4 Pagessocial change. They rebelled against what they saw as the apathy of the status quo of the †Å"elitist†, middle-class affluence into which they were born. As they attended colleges and universities, they did not view history as being the forward progression of the pursuit of truly better lives for all men. Much of their contention was spawned by objections to the Vietnam War. The reasons for entering the war were difficult to grasp and convoluted at best. Young people were being drafted andRead MoreThe Impact On The Women s Suffrage Movement1339 Words   |  6 Pageswho became an acclaimed activist in the African American Equal Rights movement, accompanied the movement. Moreover, The Declaration of Sentiments was a document that reflected the ideals of the Declaration of Independence, reiterating the sentiment from the Bible that â€Å"all men [and women] are created equal.† Concurrent to the publication of this document, for the first time, women insisted that they were men’s equals in every way. The Declaration of Sentiments was pivotal in Women’s history, althoughRead MoreReconstruction : The Misadventures Of Post Civil War1116 Words   |  5 Pagesforefathers overcame the colonial reign of the British Empire, they formed the United States of America base d on the premise of enlightened ideals promoting life, ownership of land, and liberty. But after the revolution, the country’s problems were far from solved. The country’s post-revolution issues sparked a Civil War, which was followed by a reconstruction. In some ways, the Civil War and Reconstruction helped the United States accomplish its original goals, but in many ways, that was not the caseRead MoreRacism And Ethnic Separation Of The United States1386 Words   |  6 Pagesprocurement, and criminal method over timeframes reaching out from the seventeenth century to the 1960s. Be that as it may, non-Protestant workers from Europe; especially Irish individuals, Poles and Italians; endured xenophobic prohibition and different types of ethnicity-based segregation in American culture. Also, albeit Middle Eastern Americans are considered White under the US Census, Jews (counting settlers from the Diaspora and from Israel itself) and Arabs have confronted persistent separationRead MoreEvangelical Ideology1047 Words   |  5 Pagescurrent wave of â€Å"Charismatic Christianity† that has dominated social and political discourse. Evangelical ideology is on the rise in Brazil, even Rio, a previously liberal city, recently elected an evangelical mayor. What distinguishes this movement from the American one is that now some of the city’s best known drug dealers claim to be spreading the message of the gospel as well. There have also been a signifiant increase in reports of religiously motivated crimes in Rio. Evangelicals are specificallyRead MoreThe Struggle That Black Face Into The Industry And Maintain An Equal Level Status As The Co Workers994 Words   |  4 Pagesblacks have been able to break through and how technology advancement have allow them to be able to express their point of view to a mass audience. Finally evaluate the study; conclusion and opinion on what can be done to improve the equality in the industry. The progression blacks has made in the film industry in general over the years and the problems they still face. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences As of recent intense debates in the media about the lack of black’s opportunity inRead MoreWhy Religious Doctrine Is Not Negative? Essay1853 Words   |  8 Pagesdoes interpretation of less straightforward religious doctrine become a blight on progressive legislation. â€Å"Fundamentalists know they are right because they have read the truth in a holy book and they know, in advance, that nothing will budge them from their belief† (NAME THE SOURCE pg 282 CHAPTER); does this mean that if the interpretation tells you that homosexual marriage/union is wrong it supersedes the written doctrine? Or that one should not interfere with God’s work and change their gender

Correlation Between Law Enforcement Agencies And The...

The research problem in Black and Hispanic Men Perceived to Be Large Are at Increased Risk for Police Frisk, Search, and Force, is one in which the bigger or larger the defendants are at risk for experiencing police force mistreatment of racial profiling, with the black and Hispanic men being more likely to experience excessive force than Caucasian men across the same dimensions (Milner, George, Allison, 2016, p. 1). The particular design of this study was a is a quasi-experimental design, the data-gathering strategy of this study was simple and straightforward; 3 million cases from the New York Police Department (NYPD) Stop, Question, and Frisk (SQF) Database, from the following years, 2006–2013 (Milner et al., 2016, p. 1). The hypotheses of this study are one, that there would be a direct correlation between law enforcement agencies and the treatment of blacks and Hispanics as it relates to whites committing the same actions and their related treatment. The dependent variable(s) is this study or the expected outcome (Hagan, 2010) is much as is the hypotheses of this study are between law enforcement agencies and the treatment of blacks and Hispanics as it relates to whites committing the same actions and their related treatment (Milner et al., 2016, p. 1). The independent variable or the cause(s) would be the sheer size combined with the race of the individuals. The quantitative research that was accomplished in this study will be shown in tables containing data in theShow MoreRelatedRacial Profiling And The Criminal Justice System1004 Words   |  5 Pagesappropriate to that specific population. Racial profiling in law enforcement is not merely wrong, but also ineffective. Race-based assumptions in law enforcement perpetuate negative racial stereotypes that are harmful to our rich and diverse democracy, and materially impair our efforts to maintain a fair and just society. Retrieved November 15 2015 www.usdoj.gov The Center concluded, Data provided by the NYPD plainly demonstrate that Black and Latino New Yorkers have a greater likelihood of being stopped-and-friskedRead MoreAdvocating For The Legalization Of Marijuana Is Not A Novel1480 Words   |  6 Pageshippies who live in a van, at least not exclusively. It can be used by patients suffering from a variety of illnesses, including cancer, anxiety, depression, autism and more; however, studies are still being conducted on the effectiveness of these treatments. Many people advocate for the legalization of the drug solely based on the tax revenue it will provide. Although it is a notable benefit to the potential policy change, taxes do not affect equality nor efficiency of the economy. It is merely a transferRead MoreMulticultural Vs. Pluralistic Theory Essay1749 Words   |  7 Pagesincorporates their values, beliefs and traditions and integrates them on to a bigger cultural scale such as subcultures like Hispanics and African Americans. Steets (2014) explains each human child experiences a pluralism of significant others â€Å"in essential socialization and grows as a self in discovering a method for coordinating the diverse parts allotted to him or her. Hispanics and African Americans are two different and unique subgroups in the American society. Yet separately both groups have experiencedRead MoreEssay about Racial Discrimination in the U.S. Justice System4775 Words   |  20 Pagesthe criminal justice system is controversial because there is substantial evidence confirming both individual and systemic biases. While there is reason to believe that there are discriminatory elements at every step of the judicial process, this treatment will investigate and attempt to elucidate such elements in two of the most critical judicial junctures, criminal apprehension and prosecution. Criminal Apprehension Statistical accounts show consistent accord in that African Americans are disproportionatelyRead MoreProstitution Is The Act Of Sexual Services3065 Words   |  13 Pagesproven to be a health risk not only to those who seek the services of a prostitute but also to commercial partners who are often the recipient of these unwanted infections. Through our research we have come to the conclusion that there is a high correlation between the use of sexual services provided by a prostitute and the spread of STD s and STI s to their commercial partners. Our work further explores a multitude of factors which may lead to the infection of partners through contact with prostitutesRead MoreWhat Are the Major Issues That Cause Inner City Youth to Join Gangs and Become Delinquent? Discuss Whether the New Labour Government’s Policies Have Been Effective in Solving These Issues?8138 Words   |  33 PagesThe issue of having one clear definition for the term ‘gang’ has always bee n a problem which is unlikely to be resolved, but it is important that there is a consensus on a working definition as this will ensure that youth projects from different agencies across the country and worldwide are investigating the same issues/ problems in relation to youth delinquency. It will also prevent the media and political commentators from exaggerating the problem by the use of stereo types. In the ‘DelinquentRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesKNOW?: A Management Recap 31 The Strategic Nature 32 The HRM Functions 33 Staffing Function 34 Training and Development Function 35 Motivation Function 36 Maintenance Function 37 How External Influences Affect HRM 38 The Dynamic Environment of HRM 38 Laws and Regulation 38 Labor Unions 38 Management Thought 39 Structure of the HRM Department 40 Employment 40 Training and Development 41 Compensation and Benefits 42 Employee Relations 42 vi Contents Top Management Commitment 43 Effective UpwardRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pages3 HR TRANSITIONS HR Management Contributes to Organizational Success More effective management of human resources (HR) increasingly is being seen as positively affecting performance in organizations, both large and small. A joint venture between General Electric and a Japanese company, GE Fanuc is a manufacturer of factory automation and control products. Headquartered in Virginia with 1,500 employees, the HR department primarily performed administrative support activities. But when DonaldRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesgraduated from Iowa State University with a major in mathematics and, while acquiring graduate degrees at the University of Iowa, concentrated on statistics, computer programming, psychometrics, and test development. Currently, he divides his duties between teaching and evaluation; in addition to teaching, he is the assessment facilitator for the Cedar Rapids, Iowa, Community Schools. In his spare time he enjoys reading and hiking. He and his wife have a daughter, Anna, who is a graduate student in CivilRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesJournal. Since the very beginning of the transition to a market economy after the fall of communism in Eastern Europe, he has been actively involved in management education programs sponsored by the U.S. Agency for International Development in Albania and Macedonia, and in U.S. Information Agency programs involving the Central Asian countries of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. For example, Professor Luthans’ recent international research involves his construct of positive psychological capital

Aboriginals of Australia- Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Why dont aboriginal people take interest in their own health? Answer: The suggestion that aboriginal people doesnt take interest on their own health will be discussed critically in this essay. The question will be explored ideologically on the basis of the colonial discursive practices which include factors like the privileges of the white people, the stereotypical assumptions and other factors. This essay aims to deconstruct the question and unearth the assumptions and the worlds perspective which resulted in the arising of these questions. Archaeologists believe that the Aboriginals first came to Australia around 45,000 years ago. Before the invasion the aboriginal people lived throughout Australia. History suggests that the British invaded the land. And the loss of their land had posed a devastating effect on the aboriginal people (Lester and Dussart 2014). Today they still face the racist attitude. It has been found that aboriginal children were removed from their parents and were given to the Australian white families in order to remove the traces of the Australian culture. It has been reported that the Aboriginal people have a high rate of infant mortality. Today most of the aboriginals live in the towns or the outskirts of the cities in horrible conditions (Freeman et al. 2014). All these factors let westerners to assume that the Aboriginals do not take care of their health, but do not look after the underlying cause. The western viewpoint is taken for granted as a standard for evaluating a particular culture. According to the western ideals, the actual truth lies within those with power. But this essay will critically try to analyze the authenticity of this question (Aspin et al. 2012). It is not true that the aboriginals do not interest in their own health. But there are certain reasons why aboriginal people do not get proper health support. Access barriers to the health care for the minority population can be stated as one of the reason. It has been reported that the Aboriginal patients focus heavily on the social cultures and relationships. The aboriginals of Australia face a lot of problems regarding the chronic diseases. The mainstream health institutes are challenged by the giving accessible health care and efficient health care services to the aboriginal people with the serious illnesses. Lack of cultural safety among the health services can give rise to patients avoiding contact which leaves the aboriginal people at late diagnosis of the serious illnesses (Durey et al. 2012). Researchers have found that the majority of the aboriginals consider their health being important, although many perceived their health as being average. Approximately half of the type of population was not happy with the food they consumed. The next factor that can be considered is the discrimination towards the aboriginal people when giving health care. Inequalities in health are due to the social inequalities. It can be considered as the social determinant of the healthy (Lester and Dussart 2014). Racism has been known to cause distrust among the aboriginals. Therefore they avoid the hospital based service or the services provided by the White Australians. They cannot rely on the type of care provided by the White Australians and therefore rely on the home based treatments that can lead to adverse conditions. This can be due to the lack of education, access to the capital resources, powerlessness, income, infrastructure, land and reconciliation (Lester and Dussart 2014). This leads to the avoidance of the screening and assessment, not present for the treatment, from the fear of being hospitalized. A survey found only a few visited the doctor due to the reasons like tooth ache. It was found that they used cigarette ash es for pain, used pliers or hands to remove the teeth and often a punch on the jaw by someone else. Majority of the population found it to be absolutely comfortable to visit s doctor as when required except for a few who mentioned about racism (Oliver. 2013). Some have reported that they prefer to visit an aboriginal doctor as they feel it comfortable to talk with them. The institutionalized racism found in the organizations causes a cultural clash between the aboriginals and the non-aboriginal health institutes. There are evidences that show that the Aboriginals of Australia do not have the same level of access to many heath care facilities like the other Australians, which adversely affects their outcomes in health (Kelaher, Ferdinand and Paradies. 2014). The bad health status along with the high mortality and the high morbidity rates indicates that they require a proper health care. Very few aboriginals reported that they have low esteem or apathetic views regarding their health (Freeman et al. 2014). The indigenous people also face a lot of barriers in accessing the healthcare, including the cultural and the language barriers, cost of services and the distance to services as it has been mentioned earlier that most of the aboriginals live in the outskirts of the towns (Burke et al. 2012). Due to language barriers and less education, most of the aboriginals are not well occupied. Most of them lead their life as laborers, some livestock grazing and mainly small farming, so it becomes very difficult for them to access the costly healthcare facilities (Aspin et al. 2012). The Aboriginals of Australia are underrepresented in graduate programs and the other heath related occupations. The proposed question indicates a western view of the other, which considers that the aboriginal cultures are inferior to them. Researchers have found that in many places the indigenous people were viewed as wild and child like (Kelaher, Ferdinand and Paradies. 2014). Till now their presence is considered as incongruous to some people. But it has to be remembered that when people do not feel valued, feels neglected, they develop a sense of distrust. The same occurs in case of the Aboriginals. As a result of all these factors they do not rely on the westernized health care and as a result faces health related issues. Thus it can be said that the notion that the Aboriginals do not care about their health is just the partial truth. Lack of education, high costing of healthcare, language barrier, distance, racism, lack of trust regarding the in aboriginal health care, all these factors contributed to the decreased level of health consciousness among the aboriginals of Australia. References Aspin, C., Brown, N., Jowsey, T., Yen, L. and Leeder, S., 2012. Strategic approaches to enhanced health service delivery for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with chronic illness: a qualitative study.BMC health services research,12(1), p.143. Bourke, L., Humphreys, J.S., Wakerman, J. and Taylor, J., 2012. Understanding rural and remote health: a framework for analysis in Australia.Health Place,18(3), pp.496-503. Durey, A., Thompson, S.C. and Wood, M., 2012. Time to bring down the twin towers in poor Aboriginal hospital care: addressing institutional racism and misunderstandings in communication.Internal medicine journal,42(1), pp.17-22. Durey, A., Wynaden, D., Thompson, S.C., Davidson, P.M., Bessarab, D. and Katzenellenbogen, J.M., 2012. Owning solutions: a collaborative model to improve quality in hospital care for Aboriginal Australians. Nursing inquiry,19(2), pp.144-152. Freeman, T., Edwards, T., Baum, F., Lawless, A., Jolley, G., Javanparast, S. and Francis, T., 2014. Cultural respect strategies in Australian Aboriginal primary health care services: beyond education and training of practitioners.Australian and New Zealand journal of public health,38(4), pp.355-361. Kelaher, M.A., Ferdinand, A.S. and Paradies, Y., 2014. Experiencing racism in health care: the mental health impacts for Victorian Aboriginal communities.The Medical journal of Australia,201(1), pp.44-47. Lester, A. and Dussart, F., 2014.Colonization and the origins of humanitarian governance: protecting Aborigines across the nineteenth-century British Empire. Cambridge University Press. Oliver, S.J., 2013. The role of traditional medicine practice in primary health care within Aboriginal Australia: a review of the literature.Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine,9(1), p.46.

Romance And Allegory Essay Essays - Literature, Cephalophores

Romance And Allegory Essay Romance and Allegory Essay Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is justifiably an allegory. An allegory is a narrative constructed by representing general concepts (Sin, Despair, and God) as persons. Many characters in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight have features that represent general concepts. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight can be interpreted allegorically by reviewing the characteristics and features of Gawain, the Green Knight, the Fair Lady, and the events that link the characters together. Some of the allegorical features found in the characters are obvious. The character Sir Gawain has the most obvious allegorical features within the poem. Sir Gawain is more than a knight; he represents everyman on a quest. During the late 1300's noble men displayed five classical virtues--brotherly love, good manners, compassion, open-mindedness, and beneficence. One can interpret Gawain's imperfectness as everyman's sins. This idea becomes clear when Gawain states, My journey is to judgment surely. Gawain represents everyman on a quest because at the end of every quest one receives judgment. Each mistake that Gawain makes represents man's sins. At the end of Sir Gawain's journey to find the Green Knight he is judged by the Green Knight. Gawain's reply to the Green Knight supports the idea of Gawain facing judgment. Met my master on a mountainside, where he invested in me the honor and the emblem of an imperfect man. In addition, this reply by Gawain suggests that the Green Knight represents God. The Green Knight represents God in many different ways. The first and most obvious feature of God that the Green Knight represents is his judging Sir Gawain. Like God, the Green Knight sets Gawain out on a journey filled with temptations and challenges. The Green Knight tests Gawain's courage, honor, and strength during the three days at the Castle Hautdesert. Each day at the castle Gawain faces a temptation (the Fair Lady) and a challenge (the hunt). During his stay at the castle, Gawain receives three kisses from the Fair Lady. At Gawain's judgment, the Green Knight reveals his knowledge of the incident to Gawain. This is shown when the Green Knight says to Gawain, You kissed my comely wife?I know well the tale?And the wooing of my wife--it was all my scheme?She made a trial of a man most faultless by far. The Green Knight, much like God, tests mankind's honor and loyalty. Gawain fails his test by committing the sin of adultery, and for his sin he will receive three blows. The thre e blows that Gawain receives represent all people repenting their sins. Lastly, the Green Knight acts like God by allowing Gawain to live despite his sins of adultery and deception. Gawain not only commits adultery, but he also tries to deceive the Green Knight by wearing the invulnerable green girdle. The girdle makes Gawain invincible and free from the harm of the Green Knight's axe. By wearing the armor, Gawain is cheating himself of God's fate. God may want Gawain to die for his sins in the chapel, but by wearing the green armor Gawain is denying his chosen fate. Despite all of this, the Green Knight lets Sir Gawain exchange the green girdle for his life. Even though the Fair Lady acts as temptation, she is representative of something else. The Fair Lady represents not only temptation, but the fox as well. Like a fox she is, cunning and deceptive. The Fair Lady uses her slyness and wits to manipulate and seduce Sir Gawain. The fox uses its cunning personality to elude hunters, making for a great hunt. The Fair Lady is much like the fox in the way she is able to cleverly answer each one of Gawain's replies and persuade him into accepting the green girdle. The fox is not a great prize in itself, but the honor that it stands for is priceless. To hunt and kill a fox shows great skills and smarts. It is the ultimate hunt, not because of the prize, but because of the chase. This is the same with the Fair Lady and her striking beauty. She is beautiful and smart, and to woo such a lady is a great accomplishment. The Fair Lady represents both temptation

Fricke Collection Essays - Valerie, Lady Meux, Frick Collection

Fricke Collection Essays - Valerie, Lady Meux, Frick Collection fricke collection The Fricke Collection Lady Meux v. Frances Duncombe Donated by the Fricke family is a collection housed on fifth avenue, ranging from sculptures and paintings, to furniture of renowned artists. Paintings in particular, such as, Whistler's, Lady Meux and Gainsborough's, Frances Duncombe, are classic examples of subtle yet provocative feminist portrayals. The initial impact of these illustrations is a combination of the surface imagery and the abstract artistic message conveying politics, religion or personal bias. Artist's attention to detail on these portrait's surface, captures likeness but focuses setting through richness of color and poise into character personality. When contrasting and comparing two paintings of distinct styles of select eras, conflicting perceptions are created. Whistler's, Lady Meux and Gainsborough's Frances Duncombe both exhibit similar themes however were dissimilar in character composure, panoramic setting, and mood representation. In contrasting the portraits, confrontational and vulnerable personalities are clearly visible. These separate presentations are outlined through Whistler's Lady Meux's determined expression and Gainsborough's Frances Duncombes subtle sidelong distracted look. Lady Meux exhibits simple confidence and independence in her concrete and firm stance, as opposed to Duncombe's fragile and elegant unsteady footing. Gainsborough captures a complacent vulnerability perhaps suggesting innocence. Whistler on the other hand, illustrates a more dramatic impact through the direct gaze of Lady Meux's expressive eyes which both dare and humble the viewer. Both artists, conveniently shape the central figures by positioning them in creative scenery. In each instance, the artist chooses a particular backdrop to heighten or diminish the central figure. The scenery casts certain illusionistic differences that create the sensation of depth and solidarity. Lady Meux commands attention as her profile encourages the viewer to step closer and absorb the scene intimately. This portrait uses opaque colors of greys and pinks to bring out the subject's features, however the scope casts a dreariness about the piece. In Frances Duncombe, Gainsborough is careful in surrounding her in an arboreal landscape, due to the size of the natural scene, the central figure is amplified. The shadows in the piece engulf the regal subject, perhaps alluding to her place in society, as a solitary figure in an ambiguous or precarious state. The obscured details of the trees, sunset, and faded classical architecture seem to melt against Duncombe. The shadowed effect forces the viewer to step back a sufficient distance to view the painting in it'! s entirety. The artist purposely decreases Frances Duncombe's features as if he intended to enhance the details of her ornate costume instead of the subject herself. In addition to the backdrop, the artist draws focus thru light and darkness to impress a mood. Both pieces shroud each figure in obscure shadowy scenes but draw light from the model itself. Whistler, chose colors such as grey, pink, and flat white, that downplays the heightened glow of her outfit. Gainsborough's piece illustrates ashen browns, olives, creams and azure blues in earthy tones to create a sense of mystery. This portrait, unlike Whistler's Lady Meux, uses light tones to capture Frances Duncombe's milky white flesh. This central figure is ghostly in complection as opposed to Whistler's painting. Lady Meux appears healthy in comparison, and shifts the mood by adding a slight pouty expression. In short, these artists transcend our response into intense contrasting manipulations. Each piece shares like and contrasting elements, either in Lady Meux's well endowed form to Duncombes delicate figure or the satin pink tresses to the satin teal folds of Duncombe's costume. Both artists incorporate the abstract as well as shadow and light that either enhances or detracts the femme fatale. On close examination, each work exhibits calculated strokes that deliver a balanced arrangement of color variations. The significance of the subject's status quo, is hinted by each artist, however the possibilities for interpretations are endless, be it the representation of female appreciation or contrasting inferior bias. In all instances, the viewer takes with him a primal effect that will continue to last. Grade Received on Report : B

Explore how the volume of maritime transport remains high due to the dynamic growth in developing countries with emerging market economies. The WritePass Journal

Explore how the volume of maritime transport remains high due to the dynamic growth in developing countries with emerging market economies. Introduction Explore how the volume of maritime transport remains high due to the dynamic growth in developing countries with emerging market economies. IntroductionConclusionReferenceRelated Introduction Sea transport is the backbone of international trade and globalization, carrying more than 80% of the volume of world merchandise trade. In 2007 the volume of international maritime transport increased by 4,8% compared with the 2006 year and reached 8.02 billion tons. For comparison, over the past three decades, average annual growth rate of world sea transport accounted for an estimated 3,1%. Strong demand for maritime transportation services spur growth in the global economy and international commodity trade. In 2007, the gross domestic product (GDP) of all countries in the world increased by 3,8%, while world merchandise exports increased by 5,5% compared with the previous year. Thus, despite rising energy prices and its potential impact on transport costs and trade, and despite increasing global risks and uncertainties such as those associated with a significant rise in prices for petroleum commodities, the global credit crisis, the depreciation of the dollar of the United States, growth in the global economy and trade was still sustainable. In 2007, was carried more than 8 billion tons of cargo, the historical record.   More than 80% of all raw materials and goods were transported by sea in the world. In 2007, the volume of traffic by sea increased by 4.8% to over 8 billion tons. By 2008 the world fleet grew by 7.2% and reached a total deadweight of 1.12 billion tons. However, the initial favorable half of 2008 was replaced by a worldwide crisis and a sharp drop in shipments. After second half of 2008 the strong demand for bulk carrier by grain traders led to an increase in freight rates in September 2009 year. The situation has been fueled by a slight shortage of ships. Dynamics of the Baltic Freight Index (BFI) in September 2009 for the Panamax wore an ambiguous character: in the first half of the month the index has grown, and then gradually began to lose ground. Last month of the 2010 year does not justify the hopes of ship-owners to recover the freight market for bulk tonnage. The level of the Baltic Freight Index for almost all types of bulk carriers (except hendysize’’) showed a decrease in the first place, for large vessels. Finally, in anticipation of the Christmas holidays BFI for bulk carriers Panamax by 523 points or 22%. According to analysis of previous years 2006, 2007, 2008 ,2009, 2010 freight brokers pay attention to their return to a crisis level in December 2008 the ratio of time dry bulk charter rates keypsizeand Panamax. Currently it is 50% and means that the deadweight ton bulk carriers such as Panamax Charterers costs 4 times more expensive than bulk carriers keypsize (twice the rate and approximately the same half DWT). This indicates a strong demand for bulk carrier Panamax, which in turn is caused by using them to carry a wider range of commodities (coal, grain, sugar, fertilizer, bauxite, etc.) and also has a smaller excess of the courts type compared with the bulk carriers keypsize’’.   Executive summary.(Review of Maritime Transport, 2008), Review of Maritime Transport, Annual 2008 Issue ‘’Panamax’’ dry bulk market – perfect market Under the marketing research is meant to collect, analyze range of data needed to solve the problems facing the firm marketing the situation, as well as the formation of a report on progress. Known a lot of instances where large companies are destroyed due to the fact that it is not paid due attention to research on marketing.( Paul Krugman , Robin wells ) Panamax dry bulk market is perfect market firstly because in the market involved many independent firms, which takes their own decision what to produce and in what amount, while monopoly market is the exclusive right to manufacture owned by one person, group of persons or the state. Also Monopolistic firms create entry barriers for new firms, limiting access to sources of raw materials and energy, using high technology, used very big expenses when Panamax (perfect) market is not restricted, possible free access to anyone who wishes to become an entrepreneur. Oligopoly is the existence of several companies, usually large, on whose shoulders the brunt of industry sales, so Panamax dry bulk market still perfect in that case, because in perfect market the sellers are independent of each other against to oligopoly market system. In perfect market will not be founded a series of concrete forms which have artificial monopolies such as a cartel, syndicate, trust, concern. Oligopoly is divid ed in two different parts: price this artificial churning of commodity prices. It is widely used price discrimination, under certain conditions: the seller of a monopoly, the presence of a strong marketing policy of the firm; inability to resell the goods at the original purchaser. This kind of competition is especially often used in services. This tendency cannot be founded in perfect market as in perfect market the buyers are well informed about the prices. The other part of oligopoly is non-price – it is competition, carried out by means of improving product quality and conditions of sale at that point ‘’Panamax’’ dry bulk market still the perfect market according to that the goods in perfect market are homogeneous so there is no real way for improving quality of bulk cargo and selling conditions. So all previously mentioned types of market are not about Panamax dry bulk market, there is clearly identified that ‘’Panamax’â₠¬â„¢ dry bulk market is a perfect market.   ( KRUGMAN WELLS ) microeconomics). Bulk carrier panamax Dynamics of the Baltic Freight Index (BFI) in December 2009 was stable for all sizes of dry bulk tonnage. Compared with the beginning of the first months of 2009 year BFI for Panamax has decreased by 1.8%. However, if we turn to the beginning of January 2009, dramatic changes are evident freight market conditions that have occurred over the past 12 months. Growth of BFI for the Panamax for the period totaled 6.6 times. Compared with just a failure late 2008 early 2009 Freight market dry bulk actually reborn from the ashes and the beginning of 2009 has stabilized at a relatively high level. When, last month of 2010 as was mentioned before does not justify the hopes of ship-owners to recover the freight market for bulk tonnage, in that case could be identified that first half of 2009 was much pleasant for ship-owners than late 2010. Dynamics of the Baltic freight index in December 2010: Type of tonnage 01.12.10 15.12.10 23.12.10 Bulker Keypsize 2869 2687 2379 Bulker Panamax 2380 2234 1857 Bulker Superhendymaks 1550 1659 1517 Bulker Hendysize 802 835 834 Source: Clarkson Dynamics of the Baltic freight index in December 2009: Type of tonnage 01.12.09 14.12.09 30.12.09 Bulker Panamax 3635 3574 3567 Bulker Superhendymaks 2376 2420 2224 Bulker Hendysize 1143 1239 1159 Source: Clarkson Dynamics of the Baltic Freight Index in April 2008: Type of tonnage 01.04.08 15.04.08 30.04.08 Bulker Panamax 7767 8160 8972 Bulker Superhendymaks 4792 4705 5444 Bulker hendysize 2392 2361 Source: Clarkson 2789 To analyze the above table does not need to be a doctor of Mathematical Sciences, bremsstrahlung from the table to see that every year the dynamics of Baltic Exchange decrease, if compare the data from first half of 2008 with first half of 2010, can be easily identified the fall of almost 3 times when 2009 was also not rising with the alignment on a 2008 or even 2010. New building Market According to Clarkson Research Services, in 2009 compared with 2008 the number of ordered bulk carriers has decreased in 6,5 times, container by 30 times, universal dry cargo ships 15 times, Ro-Ro 44 times, and reefer vessels generally was not ordered. And this despite the fact that contract prices for bulk carriers, according to the same source, as compared with 2008 decreased by 23-36%, and container by 24-40%. The basis for this decline, as analysts note, decreased by 30-40% on the price of ancillary equipment, as well as reducing the cost of shipbuilding steel. Number of dry cargo ships ordered by the type of tonnage in 2006-2009.: Type of vessel Year 2006 2007 2008 2009* Bulkers 699 1960 1114 170 Containers 465 535 208 7 General 400 398 292 19 Ro-Ro 87 137 87 2 Refrigerators 4 9 8 * till middle of December Source: CRS According to Chinese sources, 65% of Chinas shipbuilders received no new orders in 2009, the worst off were newly emerging in the wake of the shipbuilding boom of 2007-2008, the players. It is estimated that in 2009, China built a total deadweight tonnage of about 40 million tons, up 41% more than in 2008 at the same time, Chinese shipyards in 2009, received orders for vessels with total deadweight of 22.94 million tons, up 61% from a year earlier. Fortunately, Chinese shipyards a great help by the Government of that countrys direct and indirect support measures for domestic shipbuilding. During the first 11 months of 2010, orders for dry bulk tonnage amounted to 68.4 million dwt, reaching the highest since 1996, except for the shipbuilding boom of 2007/2008., indicator. Almost as many 68.9 million dwt in the 11 months of 2010 amounted to delivery of new tonnage. As a result, with 22 million dwt (8%) ruptured shipbuilding contracts worldwide portfolio of orders for bulk carrier according to Clarksons totaled 279 million dwt, or 52.9% of the existing fleet. Second hand vessel market There is a high activity of Chinese buyers of used dry bulk carriers, which was dominating this market segment ’’ Panamax’’ dry bulk. Brokers noted buying dry bulk carrier in China with symbolic name INDIA deadweight of 76,620 tons, built in 2005 by a Japanese shipyard Sasebo. The transaction price was $ 36.3 million In general, during December the price of modern bulk carrier Panamax less than 5 years of age have been further strengthened, and the modern superhendimaks remained at the same level. The price level for modern bulk carrier second hand† in December 2009.: Type of tonnage Year of vessel DWT Price, thoundsdant. USD Start of December2009 y. End of December2009 y. Changes (+) (–) ‘’Panamax’’ max 5 y. 74000 32935 33424 +389 ‘’Superhendymaks’’ max 5 y. 52000 27281 27308 +27 Source: Baltic Sale Purchase Assessment Considering to the December price dynamics for used bulk carrier, we note that the decrease in the freight market conditions affected the level of prices, led to their downward trend. Most analysts believed that the excess of the formed dry bulk lead to a further fall in prices. But, despite a decrease in prices for used bulk carrier, according to analysts Arctic Securities in 2010 they still remain 20% higher than in early 2009. The price level for modern bulk carrier second hand† in December 2010.: Type of tonnage Year of vessel DWT Price, thoundsdant. USD Start of December2010 y. End of December2010 y. Changes (+) (–) ‘’Panamax’’ max 5 y. 74000 38494 37830 664 ‘’Superhendymaks’’ max 5 y. 52000 32315 31267 1048 Source: Baltic Sale Purchase Assessment Conclusion Forecast of the freight market According to analysts of First Securities with a total deadweight bulk carrier, which will go to scrap in 2011, could reach 12 million tons and revenues of the new tonnage 20 million tons That is the pressure of excess tonnage in the freight market is retained. According to experts of international rating agency Moodys Investors excess of supply over demand in the area of dry bulk traffic will negatively affect the marine industry in the short term, although the overall long-term prospects for the industry over the next decade are more favorable due to expected further growth in demand for raw materials from developing countries. Therefore, Moodys recommends that the shipping companies involved in transportation of bulk cargo hold more prudent investment policy on orders new fleet. Now, when are launched more new bulk carriers, freight rates remaining highly volatile due to large variations in supply and demand. Reference .   Executive summary.(Review of Maritime Transport, 2008), Review of Maritime Transport, Annual 2008 Issue 1. «Review of Maritime Transport », UNCTAD, 2008 Ð ³, unctad.org. 2. ОÐ ±Ã ·Ã ¾Ã'€ Ð ¼Ã ¸Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ²Ã ¾Ã ³Ã ¾ Ð ¼Ã ¾Ã'€Ã' Ã ºÃ ¾Ã ³Ã ¾ Ã'„Ð »Ã ¾Ã'‚Ð ° Ð ¾Ã'‚ Ð ®Ã ÃÅ¡Ã ¢Ã Ãâ€, Ð ¸Ã ½Ã'„Ð ¾Ã'€Ð ¼Ã °Ã'†Ð ¸Ã'  Ã'  Ã' Ã °Ã ¹Ã'‚Ð ° maritimebusinessnews.com.ua. 3. ИÐ ·Ã ´Ã °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã µ Fairplay, fairplay.co.uk. Page Reference : null Stopford Microeconomics 1 Microekonomiks 2 Clarcson Baltic Sale Purchase Assessment Source: CRS agency Moodys Investors analysts of First Securities baltic freight index http://tutor2u.net/economics/revision-notes/a2-micro-oligopoly-overview.html

The Electronic Commerce In the US Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Electronic Commerce In the US - Case Study Example Since this is a new medium for commerce and as the global marketing of goods or services is growing enormously, there is a need for redrafting the legal environment suitably. The legitimate revenues to the governments were previously realized through taxes on sales, as applicable under the standard law. This new face of marketing which is termed electronic commerce has once again highlighted the need for creating new laws to safeguard the interests of the customers as well as the manufacturers and revamping the source for taxes to be levied. The changes, which result from electronic commerce and related technology offer significant benefits to business, consumers, and government. They increase convenience, efficiency, and productivity and reduce costs. It is important to look forward to the changes and how they will influence the current tax laws as they relate to maintaining consistent revenue flows and taxpayer equity. In the U.S., the emergence of electronic commerce has left a prominent impact on the telecommunication, information and computer sectors, advertising, publishing, and media industries. The issues brought forth by the electronic commerce, which relate to sales tax and use tax, have attracted the attention of the federal, state and local governments. Promoting the growth of internet commerce is inevitable because of its potential in generating revenues and jobs and increasing productivity. However, the state and local governments are dependent on a consistent inflow of revenues to maintain essential services. Sales and use tax account for 36.7 percent of overall tax revenues. There is a need for a cooperative and simplified sales and use the tax system to provide for efficient and equitable taxation of interstate commerce. The Internet Tax Freedom Act created the Advisory Commission on Electronic Commerce and this commission recommended that while the internet should not be taxed more than other channels, it should not permit the avoidance of tax. The remote vendors argued that imposition of sales tax collection responsibilities in all of the thousands of the taxing jurisdictions in the U.S. would create an unacceptable burden (Pennsylvania Department of Revenue, September 22, 1999). The doctrine of sovereign immunity, in international law, permits a court to give up its jurisdictional rights in respect of foreign enterprises or countries. This doctrine has as its bases the traditional notions that a sovereign should not be subject to litigation in a foreign court. The result is that investors may be unable to obtain relief in their country's legal system. In some countries, this doctrine's application to commerce has been limited. While contracting with a private party if a foreign nation does not allow itself to be subject to the local laws, then recourse to U.S. courts in case of a breach is not possible.